The Hellenic Navy (HN) (Greek: Πολεμικό Ναυτικό, Polemikó Naftikó, abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Greek Armed Forces. The modern Greek navy has its roots in the naval forces of various Aegean Islands, which fought in the Greek War of Independence. During the periods of monarchy (1833–1924 and 1936–1973) it was known as the Royal Navy (Βασιλικόν Ναυτικόν, Vasilikón Naftikón, abbreviated ΒΝ).The total displacement of all the navy's vessels is approximately 150,000 tons.The motto of the Hellenic Navy is "Μέγα το της Θαλάσσης Κράτος" from Thucydides' account of Pericles' oration on the eve of the Peloponnesian War. This has been roughly translated as "Great is the country that controls the sea". The Hellenic Navy's emblem consists of an anchor in front of a crossed Christian cross and trident, with the cross symbolizing Greek Orthodoxy, and the trident symbolizing Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology. Pericles' words are written across the top of the emblem. "The navy, as it represents a necessary weapon for Greece, should only be created for war and aim to victory."...............The Hellenic Merchant Marine refers to the Merchant Marine of Greece, engaged in commerce and transportation of goods and services universally. It consists of the merchant vessels owned by Greek civilians, flying either the Greek flag or a flag of convenience. Greece is a maritime nation by tradition, as shipping is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks and a key element of Greek economic activity since the ancient times. Nowadays, Greece has the largest merchant fleet in the world, which is the second largest contributor to the national economy after tourism and forms the backbone of world shipping. The Greek fleet flies a variety of flags, however some Greek shipowners gradually return to Greece following the changes to the legislative framework governing their operations and the improvement of infrastructure.Blogger Tips and Tricks
This is a bilingual blog in English and / or Greek and you can translate any post to any language by pressing on the appropriate flag....Note that there is provided below a scrolling text with the 30 recent posts...Αυτό είναι ένα δίγλωσσο blog στα Αγγλικά η/και στα Ελληνικά και μπορείτε να μεταφράσετε οποιοδήποτε ποστ σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα κάνοντας κλικ στη σχετική σημαία. Σημειωτέον ότι παρακάτω παρέχεται και ένα κινούμενο κείμενο με τα 30 πρόσφατα ποστς....This is a bilingual blog in English and / or Greek and you can translate any post to any language by pressing on the appropriate flag....Note that there is provided below a scrolling text with the 30 recent posts...Αυτό είναι ένα δίγλωσσο blog στα Αγγλικά η/και στα Ελληνικά και μπορείτε να μεταφράσετε οποιοδήποτε ποστ σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα κάνοντας κλικ στη σχετική σημαία. Σημειωτέον ότι παρακάτω παρέχεται και ένα κινούμενο κείμενο με τα 30 πρόσφατα ποστς.........

Saturday, December 26, 2009

The Japan-China history [ 527 ]

The Mainichi Daily News

Joint Japan-China history project stops short of modern times

University of Tokyo Graduate School professor Shinichi Kitaoka, right, speaks during a joint press conference in Tokyo's Minato Ward on Thursday. (Mainichi)
University of Tokyo Graduate School professor Shinichi Kitaoka, right, speaks during a joint press conference in Tokyo's Minato Ward on Thursday. (Mainichi)

Tokyo ,Japan Dev 25 2009, A joint history research project between the Japanese and Chinese governments will not cover the post-war period in its report to be released in January, it has been learned.

The decision was made at the final meeting of the joint history study project, which was launched in 2006, held at a Tokyo hotel on Thursday.

While the full text of the project's report will be released in January, post-war history, including the 1989 Tiananmen Square incident, will be omitted from the report. The move was apparently triggered by Chinese concerns over the possibility of the issue leading to criticism of the incumbent Chinese administration.

On the other hand, the report covers the Nanjing massacre, with views of both Japan and China included.

The report is expected to influence outstanding issues between the two countries, including the development of natural gas fields in the East China Sea and the conflict over the Senkaku islands.

Following Thursday's meeting, University of Tokyo Graduate School professor Shinichi Kitaoka, who headed the Japanese research team, and Bu Ping, director of the Institute of Modern History at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, held a press conference to release the preface of the report.

"It is difficult to take up issues that are directly connected to our times. There is a great difference in views between Japan and China over such issues as the Cold War, the Korean War and the Peace Treaty signed in San Francisco," Kitaoka said.

Bu agreed: "We need to take it into consideration what effect it would have on the public (to take up those issues)."

The two researchers revealed that both parties also took different standpoints on the Tiananmen Square incident and the Emperor's visit to China in 1992.

Meanwhile, both parties agreed that there were "massacres (in Nanjing) for which Japan is to blame," according to Kitaoka. However, the background and the cause of the incident, as well as the number of casualties, will be subject to future investigation, they said.

According to sources close to the project, China insisted on its officially released number of casualties at 300,000, while Japan maintained that there were several tens of thousands to 200,000 victims.

The joint research project was launched in December 2006, following an agreement at a Japan-China summit in October the same year, with the aim of removing a rift created by former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visit to Yasukuni Shrine through dialogue among researchers from both countries.

The compilation of the report, which carries views of both Japanese and Chinese researchers involved in the project by eras, had been postponed twice at the request of Chinese researchers, in July last year and September this year.

"The report fully evaluates the peaceful path that Japan has taken in the post-war era and its official development assistance (ODA) for China," Bu said.

Both parties have agreed to continue their joint history research, but they have yet to determine a specific timetable for any future project.

(Mainichi Japan) December 25, 2009

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