The Hellenic Navy (HN) (Greek: Πολεμικό Ναυτικό, Polemikó Naftikó, abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Greek Armed Forces. The modern Greek navy has its roots in the naval forces of various Aegean Islands, which fought in the Greek War of Independence. During the periods of monarchy (1833–1924 and 1936–1973) it was known as the Royal Navy (Βασιλικόν Ναυτικόν, Vasilikón Naftikón, abbreviated ΒΝ).The total displacement of all the navy's vessels is approximately 150,000 tons.The motto of the Hellenic Navy is "Μέγα το της Θαλάσσης Κράτος" from Thucydides' account of Pericles' oration on the eve of the Peloponnesian War. This has been roughly translated as "Great is the country that controls the sea". The Hellenic Navy's emblem consists of an anchor in front of a crossed Christian cross and trident, with the cross symbolizing Greek Orthodoxy, and the trident symbolizing Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology. Pericles' words are written across the top of the emblem. "The navy, as it represents a necessary weapon for Greece, should only be created for war and aim to victory."...............The Hellenic Merchant Marine refers to the Merchant Marine of Greece, engaged in commerce and transportation of goods and services universally. It consists of the merchant vessels owned by Greek civilians, flying either the Greek flag or a flag of convenience. Greece is a maritime nation by tradition, as shipping is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks and a key element of Greek economic activity since the ancient times. Nowadays, Greece has the largest merchant fleet in the world, which is the second largest contributor to the national economy after tourism and forms the backbone of world shipping. The Greek fleet flies a variety of flags, however some Greek shipowners gradually return to Greece following the changes to the legislative framework governing their operations and the improvement of infrastructure.Blogger Tips and Tricks
This is a bilingual blog in English and / or Greek and you can translate any post to any language by pressing on the appropriate flag....Note that there is provided below a scrolling text with the 30 recent posts...Αυτό είναι ένα δίγλωσσο blog στα Αγγλικά η/και στα Ελληνικά και μπορείτε να μεταφράσετε οποιοδήποτε ποστ σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα κάνοντας κλικ στη σχετική σημαία. Σημειωτέον ότι παρακάτω παρέχεται και ένα κινούμενο κείμενο με τα 30 πρόσφατα ποστς....This is a bilingual blog in English and / or Greek and you can translate any post to any language by pressing on the appropriate flag....Note that there is provided below a scrolling text with the 30 recent posts...Αυτό είναι ένα δίγλωσσο blog στα Αγγλικά η/και στα Ελληνικά και μπορείτε να μεταφράσετε οποιοδήποτε ποστ σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα κάνοντας κλικ στη σχετική σημαία. Σημειωτέον ότι παρακάτω παρέχεται και ένα κινούμενο κείμενο με τα 30 πρόσφατα ποστς.........

Saturday, July 24, 2010

Wild caviar exports..[ 1524 ]

Caviar producers to restart wild caviar exports

Caviar producers have been granted permission to export 81 tonnes of wild caviar from the Caspian Sea.

Caviar producers have been granted permission to export wild caviar
Caviar producers have been granted permission to export wild caviarPhoto: AFP
 

Russia and three former Soviet republics have agreed tight export quotas for the caviar for 2010, including three tonnes of prized beluga.
The accord, agreed at a meeting in Tehran, ends a de facto international trade ban on wild caviar and other sturgeon products from the five countries after their failure to reach agreement last year.
Under the new quotas, nearly 81 tonnes of the delicacy can be exported, including three tonnes of beluga, 17 tonnes of sevruga and 27 tonnes of osetra.
The sum is five tonnes less than in 2008, according to Juan-Carlos Vasquez, spokesman for CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
"They are not huge differences but the trend is going down," he said.
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are the three other Caspian Sea countries, although Turkmenistan normally exports through Kazakhstan as it is not party to the CITES treaty.
The Caspian Sea, the source of four-fifths of the world's black caviar, has been hit by a vast decline in sturgeon stocks due to poaching and illegal trade.
The agreement covers six wild sturgeon species, including huso huso which produces beluga caviar, the most expensive. 

All six are listed on CITES' Appendix II which means they are not considered endangered species but international trade in them must be regulated on a scientific basis.
Iran's quota for beluga is to fall to 800 kilos from 1,000 in 2008, while Kazakhstan's quota falls to 1,500 kilos from 1,700 and Azerbaijan's drops to zero from 300 kilos previously. 
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High levels of poaching and illegal trade in the Caspian led to a temporary ban on international trade in wild caviar and other sturgeon products in 2001. At the time CITES estimated that illegal trade was ten times greater than legal trade. 

This forced Caspian Sea countries to agree export quotas the following year, which they have done annually except for 2006 and 2009, Mr Vasquez said.
To have their proposed quotas published, countries with shared sturgeon stocks must agree among themselves on catch and export quotas based on scientific surveys of the stocks, according to CITES, a Swiss-based treaty body which regulates international trade in wildlife. 

"They must also adopt a regional conservation strategy, combat illegal fishing and provide details of the scientific data used to establish the catch and export quotas," it said.
Countries sharing the Black Sea and Lower Danube sturgeon stocks – Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia – and the Heilongjiang Amur River population (China and the Russian Federation) have yet to inform CITES about their quotas for this year, it said.
The new quotas run from March 1, 2010 to Feb. 28, 2011, reflecting the fishing season.
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