The Hellenic Navy (HN) (Greek: Πολεμικό Ναυτικό, Polemikó Naftikó, abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Greek Armed Forces. The modern Greek navy has its roots in the naval forces of various Aegean Islands, which fought in the Greek War of Independence. During the periods of monarchy (1833–1924 and 1936–1973) it was known as the Royal Navy (Βασιλικόν Ναυτικόν, Vasilikón Naftikón, abbreviated ΒΝ).The total displacement of all the navy's vessels is approximately 150,000 tons.The motto of the Hellenic Navy is "Μέγα το της Θαλάσσης Κράτος" from Thucydides' account of Pericles' oration on the eve of the Peloponnesian War. This has been roughly translated as "Great is the country that controls the sea". The Hellenic Navy's emblem consists of an anchor in front of a crossed Christian cross and trident, with the cross symbolizing Greek Orthodoxy, and the trident symbolizing Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology. Pericles' words are written across the top of the emblem. "The navy, as it represents a necessary weapon for Greece, should only be created for war and aim to victory."...............The Hellenic Merchant Marine refers to the Merchant Marine of Greece, engaged in commerce and transportation of goods and services universally. It consists of the merchant vessels owned by Greek civilians, flying either the Greek flag or a flag of convenience. Greece is a maritime nation by tradition, as shipping is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks and a key element of Greek economic activity since the ancient times. Nowadays, Greece has the largest merchant fleet in the world, which is the second largest contributor to the national economy after tourism and forms the backbone of world shipping. The Greek fleet flies a variety of flags, however some Greek shipowners gradually return to Greece following the changes to the legislative framework governing their operations and the improvement of infrastructure.Blogger Tips and Tricks
This is a bilingual blog in English and / or Greek and you can translate any post to any language by pressing on the appropriate flag....Note that there is provided below a scrolling text with the 30 recent posts...Αυτό είναι ένα δίγλωσσο blog στα Αγγλικά η/και στα Ελληνικά και μπορείτε να μεταφράσετε οποιοδήποτε ποστ σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα κάνοντας κλικ στη σχετική σημαία. Σημειωτέον ότι παρακάτω παρέχεται και ένα κινούμενο κείμενο με τα 30 πρόσφατα ποστς....This is a bilingual blog in English and / or Greek and you can translate any post to any language by pressing on the appropriate flag....Note that there is provided below a scrolling text with the 30 recent posts...Αυτό είναι ένα δίγλωσσο blog στα Αγγλικά η/και στα Ελληνικά και μπορείτε να μεταφράσετε οποιοδήποτε ποστ σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα κάνοντας κλικ στη σχετική σημαία. Σημειωτέον ότι παρακάτω παρέχεται και ένα κινούμενο κείμενο με τα 30 πρόσφατα ποστς.........

Friday, March 26, 2010

The Greek Fiscal Rescue ... [ 806 ]

IMF Role in Greek Fiscal Rescue Gains Support in EU (Update1)

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March 25 (Bloomberg) -- German Chancellor Angela Merkel speaks to lawmakers about the outlook for measures to aid Greece's economy. She speaks in Berlin ahead of a summit of European Union leaders. (These are translated German excerpts. Courtesy Pool TV Berlin. Source: Bloomberg)

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March 25 (Bloomberg) -- Bill Gross, manager of the world's biggest mutual fund at Pacific Investment Management Co., talks with Bloomberg's Tom Keene and Michael McKee about the Greek financial crisis. Gross also discusses U.S. health-care policy and the U.S. and U.K. budget deficits.

Grose-Hodge on Euro
March 25 (Bloomberg) -- Simon Grose-Hodge, an investment strategist at LGT Group, talks with Bloomberg's Linzie Janis about the outlook for the euro ahead of a European Union summit today. Grose-Hodge, speaking in Singapore, also discusses the role of the International Monetary Fund in euro-member economies.

By James G. Neuger

March 25 (Bloomberg) -- European leaders showed signs of bowing to German demands for an International Monetary Fund role in any rescue of debt-stricken Greece, seeking to prevent the fiscal crisis from undermining the euro.

Asserting her clout as head of the European Union’s largest economy, German Chancellor Angela Merkel has pushed for the IMF to be brought in, while counterparts, including Spain’s Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, said Europe should show its credibility by stanching the crisis on its own with loans to Greece.

“I believe that now we are quite near,” Finnish Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen said in a Bloomberg Television interview in Brussels today. “It might be some type of combination of bilateral arrangements and IMF participation.” He declined to speculate whether the EU will make a final decision at the summit, which ends tomorrow.

Signs that Greece may win a financial backstop gave a lift to Greek bonds and nudged the euro up from a 10-month low. The European Central Bank contributed to the rally by announcing a policy reversal ensuring that Greek debt won’t be struck off its collateral list next year.

Greece needs to sell about 10 billion euros ($13 billion) of bonds in coming weeks. About 8.2 billion euros of debt matures April 20 and 8.5 billion euros on May 19, with about 3.9 billion euros of bills maturing in April and May.

Goldman Sachs Group Inc. estimates that Greece may ultimately get aid from the IMF worth about 20 billion euros over 18 months, according to an e-mailed note today.

‘Mixed Model’

“We are going in the direction -- in case it’s even necessary to help -- toward a mixed model of IMF and bilaterial help” for Greece, Austrian Finance Minister Josef Proell said in Brussels.

The gain in Greek bonds sent the 10-year yield down 8 basis points to 6.28 percent, 316 basis points above comparable German debt. That extra borrowing cost has risen from 273 basis points on Feb. 11 when the EU vowed “determined and coordinated action” to stanch the crisis. The euro gained 0.3 percent at $1.3355 at 4:05 p.m. in Brussels.

“We will move ahead whatever decisions are taken,” Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou told reporters today in Brussels. “Greece is determined to deal with its own problems,” he said, adding that “we are on the right track.”

Greek Cuts

The Greek government is counting on wage cuts and tax increases to shave the deficit to 8.7 percent of gross domestic product this year from 12.7 percent in 2009, the highest in the euro’s 11-year history.

The summit begins at 5 p.m., though at the last meeting on Feb. 11 a political declaration to back up Greece was made before the official start. A separate gathering of euro-area leaders may be held afterwards, beginning at about midnight.

Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende endorsed an IMF role and Zapatero, the Spanish prime minister, didn’t rule one out, brushing aside criticism that recourse to the Washington- based lender of last resort would expose Europe’s inability to get to grips with the crisis.

“We should start with the IMF because the IMF has the expertise to act,” Balkenende told reporters in Brussels.

Merkel has opposed making a firm aid commitment today and opposed holding a separate get-together of the leaders of the 16 countries using the euro.

“A good European is not necessarily one who rushes to assist,” Merkel told German lawmakers in Berlin today before arriving in Brussels. “A good European is one who abides by the European treaties and national law and thus sees to it that the euro zone’s stability isn’t harmed.”

Sanctions Sought

While the euro’s German-designed “stability pact” foresees financial penalties for countries that go over the limits, no country has been sanctioned since the currency debuted in 1999. The budget deficits of all 16 euro nations are forecast to exceed the EU’s limit of 3 percent of GDP this year after the worst recession since at least World War II.

Merkel has left open the possibility of pushing wayward countries out of the euro and sought a rewrite of European treaties to impose more fiscal rectitude. All 27 EU countries would have to back such an overhaul. The EU’s latest treaty, in force since December, took eight years to negotiate and ratify.

Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, a former Danish premier and leader of the Party of European Socialists, said Germany’s proposal for a last-resort Greek aid package of loans from the IMF and EU was a “poor solution.”

Socialist Proposal

The Socialists proposed giving euro-region countries access to the same EU facility that provided loans to Hungary, Romania and Latvia during the financial crisis. Such a decision would require a unanimous EU decision and possibly a change to EU treaties.

“If the only answer from Europe is to ask the IMF to help us, then we are really, really, really poor,” Rasmussen, whose group includes Papandreou and Zapatero, said. “It’s a poor solution for Europe that we cannot manage on our own.”

ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet took some pressure off Greece today by extending emergency lending rules, saying its bonds won’t be cut off from ECB refinancing operations next year in case Moody’s Investors Service lowers its rating to a level comparable with other companies.

Trichet’s remarks marked a reversal for the ECB, which said in January that it wouldn’t soften its collateral policy for the sake of a single country. The bank was scheduled to reintroduce pre-crisis rules at the end of 2010.

To contact the reporter on this story: James G. Neuger in Brussels at jneuger@bloomberg.net

Last Updated: March 25, 2010 11:41 EDT

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