The Hellenic Navy (HN) (Greek: Πολεμικό Ναυτικό, Polemikó Naftikó, abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Greek Armed Forces. The modern Greek navy has its roots in the naval forces of various Aegean Islands, which fought in the Greek War of Independence. During the periods of monarchy (1833–1924 and 1936–1973) it was known as the Royal Navy (Βασιλικόν Ναυτικόν, Vasilikón Naftikón, abbreviated ΒΝ).The total displacement of all the navy's vessels is approximately 150,000 tons.The motto of the Hellenic Navy is "Μέγα το της Θαλάσσης Κράτος" from Thucydides' account of Pericles' oration on the eve of the Peloponnesian War. This has been roughly translated as "Great is the country that controls the sea". The Hellenic Navy's emblem consists of an anchor in front of a crossed Christian cross and trident, with the cross symbolizing Greek Orthodoxy, and the trident symbolizing Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology. Pericles' words are written across the top of the emblem. "The navy, as it represents a necessary weapon for Greece, should only be created for war and aim to victory."...............The Hellenic Merchant Marine refers to the Merchant Marine of Greece, engaged in commerce and transportation of goods and services universally. It consists of the merchant vessels owned by Greek civilians, flying either the Greek flag or a flag of convenience. Greece is a maritime nation by tradition, as shipping is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks and a key element of Greek economic activity since the ancient times. Nowadays, Greece has the largest merchant fleet in the world, which is the second largest contributor to the national economy after tourism and forms the backbone of world shipping. The Greek fleet flies a variety of flags, however some Greek shipowners gradually return to Greece following the changes to the legislative framework governing their operations and the improvement of infrastructure.Blogger Tips and Tricks
This is a bilingual blog in English and / or Greek and you can translate any post to any language by pressing on the appropriate flag....Note that there is provided below a scrolling text with the 30 recent posts...Αυτό είναι ένα δίγλωσσο blog στα Αγγλικά η/και στα Ελληνικά και μπορείτε να μεταφράσετε οποιοδήποτε ποστ σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα κάνοντας κλικ στη σχετική σημαία. Σημειωτέον ότι παρακάτω παρέχεται και ένα κινούμενο κείμενο με τα 30 πρόσφατα ποστς....This is a bilingual blog in English and / or Greek and you can translate any post to any language by pressing on the appropriate flag....Note that there is provided below a scrolling text with the 30 recent posts...Αυτό είναι ένα δίγλωσσο blog στα Αγγλικά η/και στα Ελληνικά και μπορείτε να μεταφράσετε οποιοδήποτε ποστ σε οποιαδήποτε γλώσσα κάνοντας κλικ στη σχετική σημαία. Σημειωτέον ότι παρακάτω παρέχεται και ένα κινούμενο κείμενο με τα 30 πρόσφατα ποστς.........

Monday, September 13, 2010

London: Rush-hour Tube train wrong way ..[ 1787 ]

Human error blamed for sending rush-hour Tube train wrong way

Dick Murray, Transport Correspondent
Standard Co.Uk., 13.09.10


Human error was to blame for a Tube train being switched into the path of another, investigators believe.
The west-bound Hammersmith & City line train was sent down the east-bound track at rush hour because an electrical relay switch was incorrectly wired, they suspect.
The blunder meant the signal was allowed to “reset” and turn to green, with points in the wrong position.
The train left Plaistow heading into London after getting a green signal at 8.20am last Wednesday. Seconds later the driver hit the brakes after realising she was on the wrong track and facing an incoming train.
The alarm was raised and signals in the area were turned to red — holding the head-on incoming train at West Ham, just along the track.
No blame was attached to either the driver or the signalman but Tube bosses and the Office of Rail Regulation launched a major inquiry amid fears it could happen again elsewhere on the network — used by more than three million people each day.
Points at the London end of the Plaistow platforms were found to work normally and investigations are focusing on the controlling electrical system. Engineering work was carried out in the immediate area just days before the incident.
Investigators are studying wiring to the relay switch — a control box — to establish if it was incorrectly wired.
This could have allowed the end-of-platform signal, which gave the go-ahead for the train to leave, to reset itself and turn green before the points had switched to the correct direction.
A senior Tube source said: “A signal fault like this has all the potential for a major disaster. The real fear is that it could happen again.”
The ORR said that after the alert, all signals turned red to prevent a collision. A spokesman said: “Our initial inquiries show the signalling system worked correctly and prevented a collision.” Tube records show the train was halted automatically just before the driver hit the cab brakes.
A Transport for London spokesman said today: “The driver, following LU's stringent safety procedures, stopped the train immediately and our signalling system prevented any east-bound trains from moving towards the stationary train.
“The nearest east-bound train was stationary at red signals almost a kilometre away at West Ham.”
The investigation is due to be concluded early next month.
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